Anthony Wayne

(1745-1796)
BIRTH
January 1, 1745
PLACE
Easttown Township, Pennsylvania
DEATH
December 15, 1796
PLACE
Eria, Pennsylvania
FAMILY
FATHER
Isaac Wayne
(1699-1774)
HOMES
NICKNAMES
Mad Anthony; Dandy Wayne; Black Snake
RELIGIOUS VIEWS
NOT YET RESEARCHED
NOT YET RESEARCHED
MEMBERSHIPS
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY MEMBER, SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI GEORGIA MEMBER
AWARDS
CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL RECIPIENT
Anthony Wayne was an American soldier, officer, statesman, and a Founding Father of the United States. During the Revolutionary War, he served in the Invasion of Quebec, the Philadelphia campaign, and the Yorktown campaign. Soon after being promoted to major general in 1783, he retired from the Continental Army. He was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati of the state of Georgia. In 1780, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
EARLY LIFE
Wayne was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and worked as a tanner and surveyor after attending the College of Philadelphia. He was elected to the Pennsylvania General Assembly and helped raise a Pennsylvania militia unit in 1775. During the Revolutionary War, he served in the Invasion of Quebec, the Philadelphia campaign, and the Yorktown campaign.
Although his reputation suffered after his defeat in the Battle of Paoli, he won wide praise for his leadership in the 1779 Battle of Stony Point and was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. Soon after being promoted to major general in 1783, he retired from the Continental Army. Anthony Wayne was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati of the state of Georgia. In 1780, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
After the war, Wayne held a brief career in congress and private business. Following St. Clair's defeat, Wayne was recalled by President Washington from civilian life to command of U.S. forces in the Northwest Indian War, where he defeated the British-backed Northwestern Confederacy, an alliance of several Native American tribes. Leading up to the war, Wayne oversaw a major change and reorganization of the entire United States Army. Following the 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, he later negotiated the Treaty of Greenvillewhich ended the war and their alliance with the British.
CAREER
DEATH
Wayne died during a return trip to Pennsylvania from a military post in Detroit. It has been speculated, but never proven, that Wilkinson had him assassinated by poison. Wilkinson is documented secretly undermining him throughout his later career, benefited from his death, and would replace him as commander after his death. Shortly after the Northwest Indian War and Wayne's death, his treaty went into abeyance. Wayne was buried at Fort Presque Isle, where the modern Wayne Blockhouse stands. His son, Isaac Wayne, disinterred the body in 1809 and had the corpse boiled to remove the remaining flesh from the bones. He then placed the bones into two saddlebags and relocated them to the family plot in the graveyard of St. David's Episcopal Church in Wayne, Pennsylvania. The other remains were reburied but were rediscovered in 1878, giving Wayne two known grave sites. His death occurred at Presque Isle, in present-day Erie, on December 15, 1796, during a journey back from military duties in the northwest. The fatal stomach complaint is often identified as a complication of an ulcer, but the historical evidence does not establish every stage of the internal disease with modern certainty. Later events involving the transport and reburial of his remains became unusually memorable, yet they do not explain the original medical cause. The supported final period is illness during travel followed by death away from home, not a new battlefield wound or an execution.
POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES
1. Unlikely General: "Mad" Anthony Wayne and the Battle for America — Mary Stockwell. Find on Amazon
2. Anthony Wayne: Soldier of the Early Republic — Paul David Nelson. Find on Amazon
3. Mad Anthony Wayne and the New Nation — Glenn Tucker. Find on Amazon
4. Anthony Wayne: A Name in Arms — Richard C. Knopf (editor). [Biographical study and selected papers] Find on Amazon
5. Bayonets in the Wilderness: Anthony Wayne's Legion in the Old Northwest — Alan D. Gaff. [Study of his military command] Find on Amazon
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