After relocating from East Texas in 1731, Mission Concepcion functioned as a working Franciscan mission community for Coahuiltecan groups, chiefly the Pajalats and Tacames. Residents lived in quarters built around the mission compound and were governed by an annually elected Indian governor and mayor under Franciscan oversight. Daily life centered on irrigated farming along the Pajalache acequia, where families raised corn, beans, and vegetables, supplemented by mission-owned livestock that by 1756 included roughly 40 yokes of oxen, more than 700 cattle, and 1,800 sheep. Workshops and Indian quarters adjoining the friary supported crafts and construction work tied to the mission's upkeep, including the stone church completed and dedicated in 1755. Population, which peaked near 250 in the 1730s, fell sharply from epidemics, Apache raids, and restrictive conditions, leaving only about 53 residents by 1793; partial secularization followed in 1794, with full secularization after Mexican independence. In 1835 the grounds saw the Battle of Concepcion during the Texas Revolution. The Marianists acquired the property in 1859 and reopened the unrestored stone church for worship in 1861. Today Mission Concepcion continues as an active Catholic parish holding regular Sunday Mass and special observances, while also functioning as a unit of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, drawing visitors to view its well-preserved 18th-century frescoes and one of the nation's oldest unrestored stone church buildings.