The Fredonian Rebellion site in the Nacogdoches area of East Texas, near the Angelina River, was open rural land that briefly became the staging ground for an armed uprising rather than a settled town in its own right. In late 1826, empresario Haden Edwards, angered after Mexican authorities voided his colonization contract amid disputes with earlier Nacogdoches-area settlers, joined with Benjamin Edwards and Martin Parmer to declare an independent Republic of Fredonia, occupying the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches and drawing in a small number of allied Cherokee and other supporters. The rebellion's military dimension, sometimes referenced as the skirmish along the Angelina River, involved small bodies of Fredonian rebels, Mexican militia, and Stephen F. Austin's colonial volunteers maneuvering through the wooded countryside east and south of Nacogdoches before the rebellion collapsed by early 1827 as Mexican troops advanced and the rebels' Cherokee allies withdrew support. The land itself functioned only briefly as a contested military corridor and saw no lasting settlement tied to the uprising. Today the surrounding countryside has returned to rural and forested use, and the episode's memory is preserved through Texas historical markers placed in and around Nacogdoches, including at the Old Stone Fort site, commemorating the Fredonian Rebellion as an early, short-lived assertion of Anglo-American independence from Mexican authority.