Cave Hill Cemetery was chartered in February 1848 and dedicated that July on the grounds of William Johnston's former Cave Hill farm east of downtown Louisville, established during the nineteenth-century rural cemetery movement that treated burial grounds as landscaped parkland rather than plain churchyards. Civil engineer Edmund Francis Lee designed the grounds around the property's natural hills, ponds, and basins, and before Louisville had public parks, local newspapers actively promoted Cave Hill as a destination for walking and recreation, a role that declined only after Cherokee Park opened in 1892. Functioning continuously as an active burial ground for the city, Cave Hill has served a broad cross-section of Louisville's population, including Union soldiers buried there during the Civil War and, on adjoining ground purchased soon after, more than 200 Confederate soldiers interred in Section O. Among its notable interments is George Rogers Clark, the Revolutionary War officer and founder of Louisville, who died at Locust Grove in 1818 and was originally buried in the small family cemetery there; his remains, identifiable by his military uniform, amputated leg, and red hair, were exhumed in October 1869 along with those of other family members and reinterred at Cave Hill. Expanded to nearly 300 acres by 1888, the cemetery today functions both as an active burial ground and as a registered arboretum with more than 500 tree and shrub species, drawing visitors for its historical monuments, landscaped grounds, and notable graves, which also include those of Muhammad Ali and Colonel Harland Sanders.