Mary Jefferson Eppes, known as Polly in childhood and Maria as an adult, died at Monticello on April 17, 1804, about two months after the birth of her daughter. She had experienced poor health before the final pregnancy and did not regain her strength afterward. The close sequence between childbirth and death is established in the family biography, but it does not by itself identify a particular infection, hemorrhage or other modern obstetric diagnosis. Her final decline took place within the Jefferson family circle while her father was president. Earlier separations, including her childhood stay with relatives and her journey to join him in Paris, belonged to a different phase of life and should not replace the immediate circumstances of 1804. She was only twenty-five, leaving her husband John Wayles Eppes and a young family. Thomas Jefferson's correspondence and family records preserve the impact of the loss more fully than a continuous medical account of her care. She was buried at Monticello. The supported final-days narrative is of longstanding fragile health worsened by a recent birth, followed by an unsuccessful recovery and death in the family home. Exact symptoms, treatments and last words cannot be established with the same confidence as the date and setting.