Julia the Elder

(39 BC-14 AD)
BIRTH
39 BC
PLACE
Rome, Italy
NAME
Julia
DEATH
14 AD
PLACE
Reggio Calabria, Italy
FAMILY
HOMES
NICKNAMES
the Elder
RELIGIOUS VIEWS
NOT YET RESEARCHED
NOT YET RESEARCHED
MEMBERSHIPS
AWARDS
Julia the Elder was the only biological child of the emperor Augustus. In 21 BC Julia married Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, her father's closest ally. After Agrippa's death in 12 BC, Augustus made her marry his stepson Tiberius. The marriage was unhappy, and Tiberius withdrew to Rhodes. Around AD 4 she was moved to Rhegium, on the Italian mainland. In 25 BC, at fourteen, she married her cousin Marcellus, the son of Octavia, but he died two years later.
EARLY LIFE
Julia was born on October 30, 39 BC, the daughter of Octavian, the future Augustus, and his second wife, Scribonia. Her father divorced her mother on the day she was born and soon married Livia. Julia was raised in her father's household under strict supervision, and her education included spinning and weaving in the old Roman manner. As Augustus's only child, she was central to his plans for the succession. In 25 BC, at fourteen, she married her cousin Marcellus, the son of Octavia, but he died two years later.
In 21 BC Julia married Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, her father's closest ally. They had five children: Gaius and Lucius Caesar, whom Augustus adopted as heirs, Julia the Younger, Agrippina the Elder and Agrippa Postumus.
After Agrippa's death in 12 BC, Augustus made her marry his stepson Tiberius. The marriage was unhappy, and Tiberius withdrew to Rhodes.
In 2 BC Augustus exiled Julia to the island of Pandateria for adultery. Around AD 4 she was moved to Rhegium, on the Italian mainland. She died there in AD 14, soon after her father's death.
CAREER
DEATH
Julia the Elder was the only biological child of the emperor Augustus. After Agrippa's death in 12 BC, Augustus made her marry his stepson Tiberius. The marriage was unhappy, and Tiberius withdrew to Rhodes. In 2 BC Augustus exiled Julia to the island of Pandateria for adultery. Around AD 4 she was moved to Rhegium, on the Italian mainland. Julia died in AD 14, some time after Augustus's death. While it is generally agreed by contemporary historians that it was as a result of Tiberius's actions against her, the circumstances of her death are obscure. Dio Cassius indicates Tiberius had a direct hand in her death by imprisoning her until she died either from debility or starvation. Tacitus remarks that upon learning Postumus had been murdered, she succumbed to despair and her health slowly declined. Augustus had explicitly given instructions in his will that she should not be buried in his Mausoleum of Augustus. The main event and its setting are better documented than the precise final moments. Exact last words and private exchanges are not consistently preserved, so those details remain uncertain.
POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES
Julia the Elder, the daughter of Augustus, not Julia Domna or Julia the Younger. Fantham is dedicated biography; Goldsworthy concerns her father. Five dedicated biographies were not identified. These editorial selections include biographies where available, with personal writings, collective biography, reference works and related studies clearly labelled.
1. Julia Augusti: The Emperor’s Daughter — Elaine Fantham. Find on Amazon
2. Imperial Women of Rome: Power, Gender, Context — Mary T. Boatwright. [Collective imperial biography and study] Find on Amazon
3. Caesars’ Wives: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Roman Empire — Annelise Freisenbruch. [Collective biography] Find on Amazon
4. Imperial Women: A Study in Public Images, 40 BC–AD 68 — Susan E. Wood. [Related imperial portraiture and biographical study] Find on Amazon
5. Augustus: First Emperor of Rome — Adrian Goldsworthy. [Related biography of her father] Find on Amazon
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