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Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother

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(1900-2002)

BIRTH

August 4, 1900

PLACE

London, England

NAME

Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon

DEATH

March 30, 2002

PLACE

Windsor, England

FAMILY

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HUSBAND

George VI

(1895-1952)

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CHILDREN

Elizabeth II

(1926-2022)

HOMES

NICKNAMES

Buffy; Merry Mischief; Cookie; the Smiling Duchess; the Queen Mum

RELIGIOUS VIEWS

CHRISTIAN

ANGLICAN

MEMBERSHIPS

BRITISH RED CROSS PRESIDENT, ST JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE NURSING DIVISION COMMANDANT-IN-CHIEF

AWARDS

LADY OF THE ORDER OF THE GARTER RECIPIENT, LADY OF THE ORDER OF THE THISTLE RECIPIENT

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900–2002) married Prince Albert in 1923 and became queen consort when he succeeded as George VI in 1936. During the Second World War she remained in Britain and visited bombed communities, helping the monarchy maintain public morale. After George died in 1952, she was known as the Queen Mother to distinguish her from their daughter Elizabeth II. She continued charitable and public work for decades, becoming a familiar figure for generations.

EARLY LIFE

Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was born on August 4, 1900, the ninth of ten children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis, later the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck. Her place of birth is uncertain, but it was probably in London. She spent much of her childhood at St Paul's Walden Bury in Hertfordshire and at Glamis Castle in Scotland, and she was educated mainly at home. During World War I, Glamis served as a convalescent home for wounded soldiers, and as a teenager she helped care for them. She rejected two marriage proposals from Prince Albert, Duke of York, before accepting the third in January 1923.

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon entered public royal life on marrying the Duke of York in 1923. As duchess she accompanied him on overseas tours, including the 1927 journey during which he opened Australia's federal Parliament at Canberra. They raised two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret. The abdication of Edward VIII in December 1936 unexpectedly made her husband George VI and placed her in the role of queen consort; their coronation followed in May 1937.

During the Second World War she and the king visited bombed neighborhoods, factories, hospitals and military units. They remained closely associated with London through the Blitz, including after Buckingham Palace was bombed. These visits formed part of wartime morale work. She also held charitable and service appointments with the Red Cross and women's military services. Her duties continued as the king's declining health restricted his activities after the war.

Widowed in February 1952, she became known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. She continued engagements in Britain and abroad for nearly fifty years, supporting hundreds of organizations and maintaining longstanding regimental connections. Clarence House became her London home, while she restored the Castle of Mey in northern Scotland and spent part of each year there. The castle and estate were placed in a trust during her lifetime. She continued attending national and family occasions, celebrating her centenary in 2000 before dying at Royal Lodge, Windsor, in 2002.

CAREER

DEATH

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon continued engagements in Britain and abroad for nearly fifty years, supporting hundreds of organizations and maintaining longstanding regimental connections. Clarence House became her London home, while she restored the Castle of Mey in northern Scotland and spent part of each year there. The castle and estate were placed in a trust during her lifetime. On 1 August 2001, Elizabeth had a blood transfusion for anaemia after suffering from mild heat exhaustion, though she was well enough to make her traditional appearance outside Clarence House three days later to celebrate her 101st birthday. On 13 February 2002, Elizabeth fell and cut her arm in her sitting room at Sandringham House; an ambulance and doctor were called, and the wound was dressed. On 5 March 2002, Elizabeth attended the luncheon of the annual lawn party of the Eton Beagles and watched the Cheltenham Races on television; however, her health began to deteriorate precipitously during her last weeks, after she retreated to Royal Lodge for the final time. Elizabeth died at 3:15 pm on 30 March 2002 at Royal Lodge, Windsor, aged 101. Her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, was by her side. She had been suffering from a chest cold since Christmas 2001. At 101 years and 238 days old she was the longest-living member of the British royal family at the time of her death, and the first member of the family to live past the age of 100. Her surviving sister-in-law, Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, exceeded that, dying at the age of 102 on 29 October 2004.

POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES

These selections combine dedicated biographies where available with clearly labelled related studies, memoirs, primary accounts or biographical references.

1. Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother: The Official Biography — William Shawcross. Find on Amazon

2. Elizabeth, the Queen Mother — Hugo Vickers. Find on Amazon

3. The Queen Mother — Elizabeth Longford. Find on Amazon

4. My Darling Buffy: The Early Life of the Queen Mother — Grania Forbes. Find on Amazon

5. Counting One's Blessings: The Selected Letters of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother — William Shawcross (editor). [Primary correspondence] Find on Amazon

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