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Edward Livingston

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(1764-1836)

BIRTH

May 26, 1764

PLACE

Clermont, New York, USA

DEATH

May 23, 1836

PLACE

Rhinebeck, New York, USA

FAMILY

HOMES

POLITICAL VIEWS

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS OPPONENT, DEATH PENALTY ABOLITION ADVOCATE, NULLIFICATION OPPONENT, PENAL REFORM ADVOCATE

DEMOCRATIC, DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN

RELIGIOUS VIEWS

RELIGION NOT DOCUMENTED

DENOMINATION NOT DOCUMENTED

MEMBERSHIPS

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY MEMBER

AWARDS

​

Edward Livingston was a New York lawyer and mayor who moved to Louisiana, drafted its penal code, served in Congress, and as Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State from 1831 to 1833 wrote the Nullification Proclamation. In 1815 he was an aide to Andrew Jackson during the defense of New Orleans. Livingston served in the U.S. House from Louisiana from 1823 to 1829 and in the Senate from 1829 to 1831. He then served as minister to France from 1833 to 1835.

EARLY LIFE

Edward Livingston was born on May 26, 1764, at Clermont in New York's Hudson Valley, the youngest son of Judge Robert R. Livingston and Margaret Beekman Livingston, and a brother of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston. The family was among the most powerful landowning families in the colony. He graduated from the College of New Jersey, now Princeton, in 1781, read law in New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1785. He soon built a successful practice in New York City and entered Republican politics.

Livingston was elected to Congress from New York and served from 1795 to 1801, opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts. President Jefferson appointed him U.S. Attorney for New York, and he was also mayor of New York City from 1801 to 1803. He left both posts after a subordinate lost federal funds, leaving him deeply in debt.

He moved to New Orleans in 1804 and rebuilt his career as a lawyer, clashing with Jefferson in the Batture dispute over riverfront land. In 1815 he served as an aide to Andrew Jackson during the defense of New Orleans. His major work for Louisiana was a system of penal law, drafted in the 1820s, that influenced criminal law reform well beyond the state.

Livingston served in the U.S. House from Louisiana from 1823 to 1829 and in the Senate from 1829 to 1831. As Jackson's Secretary of State from 1831 to 1833, he drafted the December 1832 proclamation against South Carolina's nullification of federal tariffs. He then served as minister to France from 1833 to 1835. He died at Rhinebeck, New York, on May 23, 1836.

CAREER

DEATH

Edward Livingston was a New York lawyer and mayor who moved to Louisiana, drafted its penal code, served in Congress, and as Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State from 1831 to 1833 wrote the Nullification Proclamation. In 1815 he was an aide to Andrew Jackson during the defense of New Orleans. Livingston served in the U.S. House from Louisiana from 1823 to 1829 and in the Senate from 1829 to 1831. Livingston died on May 23, 1836, five days before his 72nd birthday at Montgomery Place in Red Hook, New York, an estate left him by his sister, to which he had removed in 1831. The surviving summary is clearer about the date and setting than about the day-by-day medical course. A specific treatment history, exact final symptoms or unrecorded bedside conversations cannot be reconstructed confidently from it. The events of the earlier public career provide context for the final period but should not be mistaken for evidence of the immediate physical cause. Illnesses, injuries and deaths involving relatives or contemporaries are separate events. No further cause is inferred from age, occupation or the place of death. Where the account does not identify an illness or injury explicitly, the medical circumstances remain uncertain rather than a basis for a more elaborate final-days scene.

POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES

The list combines biographies where available with clearly labelled related studies, memoirs, primary accounts or reference works.

1. Edward Livingston: Jeffersonian Republican and Jacksonian Democrat — William B. Hatcher. Find on Amazon

2. Life of Edward Livingston — Charles Havens Hunt. [Early biography] Find on Amazon

3. The Livingston Legacy: Three Centuries of American History — Lawrence H. Leder (editor). [Family history] Find on Amazon

4. The Livingstons of Livingston Manor — Edwin Brockholst Livingston. [Family history] Find on Amazon

5. A System of Penal Law for the State of Louisiana — Edward Livingston. [Primary legal writings] Find on Amazon

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