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Daniel Webster

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(1782-1852)

BIRTH

January 18, 1782

PLACE

Salisbury, New Hampshire, USA

DEATH

October 24, 1852

PLACE

Marshfield, Massachusetts, USA

FAMILY

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MOTHER

Abigail Eastman Webster

(1739–1816)

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WIFE

Grace Fletcher

(1781-1828)

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CHILDREN

Ebenezer Webster

(1739–1806)

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WIFE

Caroline LeRoy

(1797-1882)

HOMES

NICKNAMES

Black Dan; Godlike Daniel; Great Expounder and Defender of the Constitution

POLITICAL VIEWS

COMPROMISE OF 1850 ADVOCATE, FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT SUPPORTER, NULLIFICATION OPPONENT, UNIONIST, WAR OF 1812 OPPONENT

AMERICAN WHIG PARTY MEMBER, FEDERALIST PARTY MEMBER, NATIONAL REPUBLICAN PARTY MEMBER

RELIGIOUS VIEWS

CHRISTIAN

CONGREGATIONALIST

MEMBERSHIPS

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES MEMBER

AWARDS

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Daniel Webster was a New Hampshire-born lawyer and orator who represented Massachusetts in Congress for decades, argued landmark Supreme Court cases, and twice served as Secretary of State, negotiating the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. Woodward before the Supreme Court in 1818 and McCulloch v. President Fillmore appointed him Secretary of State again that year. He died at his estate in Marshfield, Massachusetts, on October 24, 1852.

EARLY LIFE

Daniel Webster was born on January 18, 1782, in Salisbury, New Hampshire, the son of Ebenezer Webster, a farmer, Revolutionary War officer, and local judge, and Abigail Eastman Webster. His family sacrificed to educate him, sending him to Phillips Exeter Academy in 1796 and then to Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1801. He read law while teaching school, was admitted to the bar in 1805, and practiced in Boscawen before moving to Portsmouth in 1807.

Webster served in the U.S. House from New Hampshire from 1813 to 1817, where he opposed the War of 1812 and its financing. Moving to Boston, he argued Dartmouth College v. Woodward before the Supreme Court in 1818 and McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819, winning wide fame as an advocate.

He returned to Congress as a Massachusetts representative from 1823 to 1827 and then served in the Senate from 1827 to 1841. In his January 1830 reply to Robert Hayne he defended the Union against state nullification, closing with the line "Liberty and Union, now and forever." Harrison and then Tyler made him Secretary of State in 1841, and in 1842 he concluded the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, settling the Maine boundary with British North America.

Returning to the Senate in 1845, Webster delivered his March 7, 1850, speech supporting the Compromise of 1850, including the Fugitive Slave Act, which turned many antislavery New Englanders against him. President Fillmore appointed him Secretary of State again that year. He died at his estate in Marshfield, Massachusetts, on October 24, 1852.

CAREER

DEATH

The debate over Clay's compromise proposal continued into July 1850, when Taylor suddenly and unexpectedly died of an illness. By early 1852, Webster had begun to suffer from cirrhosis of the liver, and his poor health increasingly made it difficult for him to serve as secretary of state. In September 1852, Webster returned to his Marshfield estate, where his health continued to decline due to cirrhosis and a subdural hematoma. He died in Marshfield, Massachusetts on October 24, 1852, at the age of 70, and is buried in Winslow Cemetery near his estate. His last words were, "I still live." His final decline followed a carriage accident earlier in 1852, in which he sustained serious injury. The accident and subsequent deterioration should be kept distinct from the broader chronic illnesses, including liver disease, discussed in accounts of his health. Webster died at Marshfield, Massachusetts, on October 24, 1852, while still secretary of state. The source does not justify identifying a single injury as the sole cause of every later complication. His death came during a presidential election he had hoped to contest, but the political disappointment is context rather than a demonstrated physical explanation. His final period combined impaired health, care at home and continued concern with public affairs.

Winslow Burying Ground

Winslow Cemetery Road, Marshfield, MA 02050, USA

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GRAVE

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Daniel Webster Was Here

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POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES

1. Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time — Robert V. Remini. Find on Amazon

2. Daniel Webster and the Rise of National Conservatism — Richard N. Current. Find on Amazon

3. Daniel Webster — Henry Cabot Lodge. [Early biography] Find on Amazon

4. Daniel Webster: The Completest Man — Claude M. Fuess. [Biography, two volumes] Find on Amazon

5. Heirs of the Founders: The Epic Rivalry of Henry Clay, John Calhoun and Daniel Webster — H. W. Brands. [Collective biography] Find on Amazon

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