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Claude of France

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(1499-1524)

BIRTH

October 13, 1499

PLACE

Romorantin, France

DEATH

July 20, 1524

PLACE

Blois, France

FAMILY

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HUSBAND

Francis I of France

(1494-1547)

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CHILDREN

Anne of Brittany

(1477-1514)

HOMES

NICKNAMES

la bonne reine Claude

RELIGIOUS VIEWS

CHRISTIAN

CATHOLIC

MEMBERSHIPS

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AWARDS

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Claude of France, daughter of Louis XII and Anne of Brittany, was duchess of Brittany and the first wife of Francis I, and the greengage plum known as the reine-claude is named for her. She was crowned at Saint-Denis in May 1517. Claude had seven children in about eight years, including the future Henry II. Among the young women in her household was Anne Boleyn, who served her for several years. Brittany was formally united with France in 1532.

EARLY LIFE

Claude was born on October 13, 1499, at Romorantin, the elder daughter of Louis XII of France and Anne of Brittany. As heiress to Brittany and a daughter of the king, she was an important prize in European diplomacy. In 1501 she was betrothed to Charles of Luxembourg, the future Emperor Charles V, but the engagement was broken off in favor of a French marriage. In 1506 she was betrothed instead to her cousin Francis of Angoulême, the heir presumptive to the French throne. When her mother died in January 1514, Claude inherited the duchy of Brittany, and she married Francis at Saint-Germain-en-Laye on May 18, 1514.

Francis became king as Francis I on January 1, 1515, and Claude became queen of France. She was crowned at Saint-Denis in May 1517.

Claude had seven children in about eight years, including the future Henry II. She lived a quiet, pious life while Francis pursued his wars and his mistresses. Among the young women in her household was Anne Boleyn, who served her for several years. Claude granted the administration of Brittany to her husband, and her son later inherited the duchy.

Worn out by frequent pregnancies, Claude died at the Château de Blois on July 20, 1524, at the age of twenty-four. Brittany was formally united with France in 1532.

CAREER

DEATH

Francis became king as Francis I on January 1, 1515, and Claude became queen of France. She was crowned at Saint-Denis in May 1517. Claude had seven children in about eight years, including the future Henry II. She lived a quiet, pious life while Francis pursued his wars and his mistresses. Among the young women in her household was Anne Boleyn, who served her for several years. Brittany was formally united with France in 1532. Claude was crowned Queen of France at St. Denis Basilica on 10 May 1517 by Cardinal Philippe de Luxembourg (also known as Cardinal du Mans), who "anointed her in the breast and forehead". Claude died on 26 July 1524 at the Château de Blois, aged twenty-four. The exact cause of her death was disputed among sources and historians: while some alleged that she died in childbirth or after a miscarriage, others believed that she died for exhaustion after her many pregnancies or after developing bone tuberculosis (like her mother) and finally some believed that she died from syphilis caught from her husband. She was buried at St. Denis Basilica. The available biographical account does not describe a continuous final medical course. It gives no dependable sequence of treatment and last symptoms from which to reconstruct a more detailed bedside narrative.

POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES

Claude of France, Francis I’s first queen and daughter of Louis XII and Anne of Brittany. Editorial selections prioritize biographical coverage; five standalone biographies were not established. Collective biography, family reference, primary writings and related studies are labelled individually. Multi-volume works and series are counted as one selection.

1. Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France — Kathleen Wellman. [Collective biography] Find on Amazon

2. The Cultural and Political Legacy of Anne de Bretagne: Negotiating Convention in Books and Documents — Cynthia J. Brown (editor). [Collective biographical and cultural study; includes Claude] Find on Amazon

3. Francis I: The Maker of Modern France — Leonie Frieda. [Related biography of her husband] Find on Amazon

4. Louis XII — Frederic J. Baumgartner. [Related biography of her father] Find on Amazon

5. Queenship in Medieval France, 1300–1500 — Murielle Gaude-Ferragu. [Collective biography] Find on Amazon

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