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Catherine of Valois

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(1401-1437)

BIRTH

October 27, 1401

PLACE

Paris, France

DEATH

January 3, 1437

PLACE

London, England

FAMILY

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FATHER

Charles VI of France

(1368-1422)

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MOTHER

Isabeau of Bavaria

(c. 1370-1435)

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SISTER

Isabella of Valois

(1389-1409)

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BROTHER

Charles VII of France

(1403-1461)

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HUSBAND

Henry V

(1386-1422)

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CHILDREN

Henry VI

(1421-1471)

HOMES

RELIGIOUS VIEWS

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION UNCERTAIN

DENOMINATION UNCERTAIN

MEMBERSHIPS

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AWARDS

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Catherine of Valois married Henry V of England in 1420 as part of the Treaty of Troyes settlement. Crowned the following year, she bore Henry VI and became queen dowager when Henry V died in 1422. She later formed a union with Welsh squire Owen Tudor, despite restrictions on a dowager queen’s remarriage. Their sons included Edmund and Jasper Tudor; Edmund became Henry VII’s father. Catherine died in 1437. The exact date and form of her marriage to Owen remain uncertain.

EARLY LIFE

Catherine was born on October 27, 1401, at the Hôtel Saint-Pol in Paris, the youngest daughter of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. Her childhood was overshadowed by her father's mental illness and by the civil war between the Armagnac and Burgundian factions. Her elder sister Isabella had been the child bride of Richard II of England. After Henry V's victory at Agincourt in 1415 and his conquest of Normandy, the Treaty of Troyes of 1420 recognized him as heir to the French throne and arranged his marriage to Catherine. They were married at Troyes on June 2, 1420.

Catherine was crowned queen at Westminster Abbey in February 1421. Her only child with Henry, the future Henry VI, was born at Windsor Castle on December 6, 1421. Henry V died in France in August 1422, leaving their infant son as king of England.

As queen dowager, Catherine lived in her son's household. Parliament passed a statute in the late 1420s restricting the remarriage of a queen dowager, but she formed a relationship with Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire in her household, whom she probably married secretly. Their sons included Edmund Tudor, father of Henry VII, and Jasper Tudor.

Catherine retired to Bermondsey Abbey, where she died on January 3, 1437. She was buried in Westminster Abbey.

CAREER

DEATH

Catherine of Valois died on Jan 3, 1437. Catherine was crowned queen at Westminster Abbey in February 1421. Her only child with Henry, the future Henry VI, was born at Windsor Castle on December 6, 1421. Parliament passed a statute in the late 1420s restricting the remarriage of a queen dowager, but she formed a relationship with Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire in her household, whom she probably married secretly. Other records state that she did not die as a result of childbirth, but entered Bermondsey Abbey, possibly seeking a cure for an illness that had troubled her for some time. She drew up her last will and testament three days before her death. Meanwhile, Owen and Catherine's two older sons, Edmund and Jasper, went to live with Katherine de la Pole, Abbess of Barking, and sister of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk. Sometime after 1442, the king (their half-brother) took a role in their upbringing. Owen, their father, was eventually released on £2000 bail, but was pardoned in November 1439. Owen was treated well afterwards and was a member of the king's household until the mid-1450s. He lived until 1461, when he was executed by the Yorkists following the Battle of Mortimer's Cross in Herefordshire. Their surviving sons were given earldoms by Catherine's son King Henry VI. Edmund married Margaret Beaufort, a descendant of John of Gaunt who had consequently a distant but disputed claim to the throne; following the elimination by war of most other candidates, their son became King Henry VII.

POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES

Five dedicated biographies were not identified. These editorial selections include biographies where available, with personal writings, biographical reference and related studies clearly labelled.

1. The Sister Queens: Isabella and Catherine de Valois — Mary McGrigor. [Joint biography] Find on Amazon

2. The Making of the Tudor Dynasty — Ralph A. Griffiths; Roger S. Thomas. [Related dynastic and family history] Find on Amazon

3. Queens Consort: England’s Medieval Queens — Lisa Hilton. [Collective biography] Find on Amazon

4. Henry V — Christopher Allmand. [Related biography of her husband] Find on Amazon

5. The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria — Tracy Adams. [Related biography of her mother] Find on Amazon

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