Caroline of Ansbach died at St James's Palace on 20 November 1737, aged 54, after an agonizing illness caused by a strangulated umbilical hernia. The hernia had developed after the birth of her last child in 1724 and remained a serious vulnerability in later life, alongside gout. On 9 November 1737 she experienced intense abdominal pain, struggled through a formal reception and then took to bed. Part of the intestine had become trapped in the hernia. Over the following days physicians and surgeons attempted treatment through bleeding, purging and operations performed without modern anaesthesia or antisepsis. The interventions failed to reverse the decline. The account places the rupture of the affected bowel on 17 November, followed by death three days later. George II attended her closely, while the family's estrangement from their son Frederick shaped access to the sickroom. Reported exchanges about remarriage and forgiveness became memorable parts of the royal narrative, but their exact wording is less secure than the course of the illness. The medical outline is unusually specific for an eighteenth-century royal death: an existing hernia became obstructed or strangulated, severe pain and tissue damage followed, and surgery did not save her. The sources do not support imagining a painless or sudden end. Her final days were a prolonged physical crisis in the palace, with the limitations of contemporary treatment evident throughout.