Britannicus

(41 AD-55 AD)
BIRTH
41 AD
PLACE
Rome, Italy
NAME
Tiberius Claudius Germanicus
DEATH
55 AD
PLACE
Rome, Italy
FAMILY
HOMES
RELIGIOUS VIEWS
NOT YET RESEARCHED
NOT YET RESEARCHED
MEMBERSHIPS
AWARDS
Britannicus was the son of the emperor Claudius and Messalina and his father's expected heir, until Claudius adopted Nero. In AD 48 his mother, Messalina, was executed after publicly marrying her lover, Gaius Silius. The next year Claudius married his niece Agrippina the Younger. Agrippina worked to advance her own son, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. Tacitus and Suetonius report that Nero had him poisoned. When Claudius died in AD 54, Nero became emperor.
EARLY LIFE
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus was born on February 12, AD 41, in Rome, the son of the emperor Claudius and his third wife, Messalina. He was born only weeks after his father became emperor. At first he was called Germanicus, but after the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43, the senate honored Claudius with the name Britannicus, and it was given to his young son. He had an elder sister, Claudia Octavia. As the emperor's only son, he was expected to succeed his father on the throne.
In AD 48 his mother, Messalina, was executed after publicly marrying her lover, Gaius Silius. The next year Claudius married his niece Agrippina the Younger.
Agrippina worked to advance her own son, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. In AD 50 Claudius adopted him as Nero, and the older Nero soon took precedence over Britannicus. When Claudius died in AD 54, Nero became emperor.
Early in AD 55, shortly before his fourteenth birthday, Britannicus collapsed at a dinner in the imperial palace and died. Tacitus and Suetonius report that Nero had him poisoned.
CAREER
DEATH
The next year Claudius married his niece Agrippina the Younger. In AD 50 Claudius adopted him as Nero, and the older Nero soon took precedence over Britannicus. Tacitus and Suetonius report that Nero had him poisoned. Britannicus was poisoned at a dinner party attended by his sister, Octavia, Agrippina and several other notables. Tacitus' account of the event is that Britannicus was given a hot drink, which was tested by a food taster, and when he asked for it to be cooled, the poison was added to it with the cold water. The substance was instantly effective, and he "lost alike both voice and breath". Nero claimed to those present that Britannicus was merely experiencing an epileptic seizure and that he had been affected by the condition since childhood. He died sometime between December 54 and 11 February 55, the day before his 14th birthday, when he was to assume manhood, just four months after his father's death. For her service, the emperor had Locusta rewarded with large estates and even sent her pupils. The available biographical account does not describe a continuous final medical course. It gives no dependable sequence of treatment and last symptoms from which to reconstruct a more detailed bedside narrative.
POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES
Britannicus, Claudius and Messalina’s son, displaced by Nero. The ancient accounts of his death require critical reading; the imperial biographies concern his family. Five dedicated biographies were not identified. These editorial selections include biographies where available, with personal writings, collective biography, reference works and related studies clearly labelled.
1. Claudius — Barbara Levick. [Related biography of his father] Find on Amazon
2. Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire — Anthony A. Barrett. [Related biography of his stepmother] Find on Amazon
3. Nero: The End of a Dynasty — Miriam T. Griffin. [Related biography of his adoptive brother] Find on Amazon
4. The Annals — Tacitus. [Primary imperial narrative] Find on Amazon
5. The Twelve Caesars — Suetonius. [Primary imperial biography] Find on Amazon
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